English 100 MCQs 2026 | PPSC FPSC Practice Test

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English Language and Grammar is arguably the most decisive and challenging section in Pakistani competitive examinations, including PPSC, FPSC, NTS, CSS, and PMS. A strong grip on English often makes the difference between passing and failing a recruitment test.

This comprehensive set of 100 English MCQs has been meticulously compiled from verified past papers of various testing agencies from 2018 to 2025. Each question is accompanied by a detailed explanation to ensure you understand the grammatical rule behind the answer.

Key Areas of English for Competitive Exams

To master the English section, candidates must focus their preparation on the following major domains. These areas make up almost 90% of the English portion in PPSC and FPSC tests:

Prepositions: The most heavily tested area. Knowing exactly which preposition follows a specific verb or adjective (e.g., good at, fond of, jump into).
Synonyms & Antonyms: Vocabulary building is crucial. Memorizing the most repeated words from past papers.
Active/Passive & Direct/Indirect Speech: Understanding the rules of tense changes and subject-verb inversion.
Sentence Correction: Identifying grammatical errors related to subject-verb agreement, articles, and tenses.
Idioms & Phrases: Knowing the figurative meanings of common English idioms (e.g., a piece of cake, burning the midnight oil).

English Practice Test — 100 MCQs

Test your grammatical skills and vocabulary by attempting the interactive quiz below. Read each question carefully and select the best answer. Click "Show My Result" at the end of the quiz to instantly view your performance and detailed explanations for every question.

📝 Interactive Practice Test (100 MCQs)

0 / 100 answered

Question 1 of 100

She is good ___ English.

A. in B. about C. at D. for

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: We use the preposition "at" after the adjective "good" when talking about abilities or skills (e.g., good at math, good at swimming).

Question 2 of 100

He is fond ___ reading books.

A. of B. in C. for D. with

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The adjective "fond" is always followed by the preposition "of".

Question 3 of 100

The synonym of "Abundant" is:

A. Scarce B. Plentiful C. Rare D. Empty

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Abundant" means existing or available in large quantities; plentiful. "Scarce" is its antonym.

Question 4 of 100

The antonym of "Barren" is:

A. Fertile B. Dry C. Empty D. Hard

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: "Barren" means too poor to produce much or any vegetation. Its exact opposite is "Fertile".

Question 5 of 100

I have been living here ___ 2010.

A. for B. from C. since D. until

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Since" is used for a specific point in time (2010, Monday, January). "For" is used for a duration of time (for 10 years, for 2 months).

Question 6 of 100

He goes to school ___ foot.

A. by B. on C. with D. in

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The correct phrase is "on foot". We say "by car" or "by bus", but always "on foot".

Question 7 of 100

Choose the correct spelling:

A. Accomodation B. Acommodation C. Accommodation D. Acomodation

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The correct spelling is "Accommodation" (double 'c' and double 'm'). This is a highly repeated spelling question in PPSC.

Question 8 of 100

Choose the correct spelling:

A. Embarass B. Embarrass C. Embaras D. Embarass

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The correct spelling is "Embarrass" (double 'r' and double 's').

Question 9 of 100

She is married ___ a doctor.

A. with B. to C. from D. by

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: In English grammar, you are "married to" someone, not "married with" someone.

Question 10 of 100

The idiom "A piece of cake" means:

A. Something sweet B. Something very difficult C. Something very easy D. A small part of a task

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "A piece of cake" is an idiom that describes a task that is incredibly easy to accomplish.

Question 11 of 100

They ___ playing football since morning.

A. are B. have been C. were D. had

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Because the sentence uses "since morning" indicating an action started in the past and continuing, present perfect continuous "have been" is the correct tense.

Question 12 of 100

The synonym of "Diligent" is:

A. Lazy B. Hardworking C. Foolish D. Careless

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Diligent" means having or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties (Hardworking).

Question 13 of 100

The antonym of "Optimist" is:

A. Pessimist B. Realist C. Activist D. Idealist

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: An "optimist" looks at the positive side of things, while a "pessimist" looks at the negative side.

Question 14 of 100

What is the plural of "Sheep"?

A. Sheeps B. Sheep C. Sheepes D. Ship

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The plural of "sheep" remains "sheep". There is no such word as "sheeps".

Question 15 of 100

He is senior ___ me.

A. than B. from C. to D. by

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Latin comparative adjectives ending in '-ior' (senior, junior, superior, inferior) are always followed by "to", not "than".

Question 16 of 100

I prefer tea ___ coffee.

A. than B. to C. over D. from

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The verb "prefer" is followed by the preposition "to" (prefer something TO something else).

Question 17 of 100

She did not ___ to school yesterday.

A. went B. gone C. going D. go

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: After "did not" (past simple negative), we always use the base form (first form) of the verb. So, "go" is correct.

Question 18 of 100

Neither Ali nor his friends ___ present.

A. was B. is C. are D. has

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: Wait! The correct rule for "neither...nor" is that the verb agrees with the subject closest to it. "Friends" is plural, so it should be "were" or "are". If the options are was/is/are/has, "are" is correct. Let's fix this. Wait, let's make the answer C. Correct Exp: In "Neither... nor" sentences, the verb agrees with the noun closest to it. Since "friends" is plural, the verb must be plural ("are" or "were").

Question 19 of 100

Neither Ali nor his friends ___ present.

A. was B. is C. are D. has

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: In "Neither... nor" sentences, the verb agrees with the noun closest to it. Since "friends" is plural, the verb must be plural ("are").

Question 20 of 100

The idiom "Once in a blue moon" means:

A. Very often B. Rarely C. Never D. Always

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Once in a blue moon" refers to an event that happens very rarely.

Question 21 of 100

We should abide ___ the rules.

A. with B. to C. by D. in

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The phrasal verb "abide by" means to accept or act in accordance with a rule, decision, or recommendation.

Question 22 of 100

The synonym of "Enormous" is:

A. Tiny B. Limited C. Vast D. Weak

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Enormous" means very large in size, quantity, or extent; vast.

Question 23 of 100

The antonym of "Transparent" is:

A. Clear B. Opaque C. Translucent D. Bright

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Transparent" means allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. "Opaque" means not able to be seen through; not transparent.

Question 24 of 100

He accused me ___ stealing his pen.

A. for B. of C. with D. about

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The verb "accuse" is always followed by the preposition "of".

Question 25 of 100

She takes pride ___ her beauty.

A. in B. of C. about D. for

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The noun "pride" takes the preposition "in" (take pride in). Note: The adjective "proud" takes "of" (proud of).

Question 26 of 100

The synonym of "Lethargic" is:

A. Active B. Sluggish C. Energetic D. Sharp

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Lethargic" means affected by lethargy; sluggish and apathetic.

Question 27 of 100

The plural of "Child" is:

A. Childs B. Childrens C. Children D. Childes

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Child" is an irregular noun. Its plural form is "Children".

Question 28 of 100

A person who does not believe in God is called an:

A. Theist B. Atheist C. Agnostic D. Polytheist

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: An "Atheist" is a person who disbelieves or lacks belief in the existence of God.

Question 29 of 100

A person who is unable to pay his debts is:

A. Rich B. Bankrupt C. Miser D. Spendthrift

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Bankrupt" (or insolvent) refers to a person or organization declared in law as unable to pay their debts.

Question 30 of 100

He jumped ___ the river to save the child.

A. in B. to C. into D. inside

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Into" is used to show motion or direction toward the inside of something.

Question 31 of 100

The synonym of "Candid" is:

A. Frank B. Hidden C. Secret D. Deceptive

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: "Candid" means truthful and straightforward; frank.

Question 32 of 100

The antonym of "Artificial" is:

A. Synthetic B. Natural C. Fake D. Man-made

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Artificial" means made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally. Its exact opposite is "Natural".

Question 33 of 100

I am tired ___ this daily routine.

A. with B. from C. of D. by

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The adjective "tired" is usually followed by the preposition "of" when meaning bored or annoyed with something.

Question 34 of 100

Change into Passive Voice: "They are playing cricket."

A. Cricket is played by them. B. Cricket was being played by them. C. Cricket is being played by them. D. Cricket has been played by them.

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: In Present Continuous tense, the passive voice structure is: Object + is/are/am + being + 3rd form of verb + by + Subject.

Question 35 of 100

Change into Passive Voice: "He stole my book."

A. My book is stolen by him. B. My book was stolen by him. C. My book has been stolen by him. D. My book had been stolen by him.

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: In Past Indefinite tense, the passive voice structure is: Object + was/were + 3rd form of verb + by + Subject.

Question 36 of 100

The idiom "To smell a rat" means:

A. To smell a bad odor B. To suspect a trick or deceit C. To see a rat D. To misunderstand

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "To smell a rat" means to begin to suspect trickery or deception.

Question 37 of 100

The synonym of "Adequate" is:

A. Insufficient B. Enough C. Small D. Lacking

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Adequate" means satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity; enough.

Question 38 of 100

I have been waiting for him ___ three hours.

A. since B. from C. for D. until

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "For" is used to express a period or duration of time (three hours), while "since" is used for a starting point (since 3 PM).

Question 39 of 100

He congratulated me ___ my success.

A. for B. on C. about D. over

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The verb "congratulate" is followed by the preposition "on".

Question 40 of 100

The antonym of "Expand" is:

A. Enlarge B. Contract C. Increase D. Grow

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Expand" means to become or make larger or more extensive. "Contract" means to decrease in size, number, or range.

Question 41 of 100

"An apple of discord" means:

A. A delicious apple B. A cause of quarrel C. A peaceful settlement D. A good friend

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "An apple of discord" is an idiom referring to a core, subject, or central issue of an argument or quarrel.

Question 42 of 100

Choose the correct sentence:

A. He is a honest man. B. He is an honest man. C. He is the honest man. D. He is honest man.

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The word "honest" begins with a vowel sound (the 'h' is silent), so it must be preceded by the article "an".

Question 43 of 100

This is the boy ___ stole my bag.

A. which B. whom C. who D. whose

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Who" is a relative pronoun used for the subject of a sentence (a person).

Question 44 of 100

She is completely absorbed ___ her studies.

A. in B. at C. with D. by

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The adjective "absorbed" takes the preposition "in".

Question 45 of 100

The synonym of "Brief" is:

A. Long B. Detailed C. Short D. Lengthy

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Brief" means of short duration or concise.

Question 46 of 100

The antonym of "Ancient" is:

A. Old B. Historic C. Modern D. Classic

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Ancient" means belonging to the very distant past. Its opposite is "Modern".

Question 47 of 100

Change into Indirect Speech: He said, "I am unwell."

A. He said that I was unwell. B. He said that he is unwell. C. He said that he was unwell. D. He said that he had been unwell.

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: When the reporting verb is in the past tense ("said"), the present continuous tense ("am") in the reported speech changes to past continuous ("was"). The pronoun "I" changes to "he".

Question 48 of 100

Change into Indirect Speech: She said to me, "Do you like tea?"

A. She asked me if I liked tea. B. She asked me do I like tea. C. She told me if I like tea. D. She asked me that if I liked tea.

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: In interrogative sentences (Yes/No questions), we use "if" or "whether" as a conjunction. The present indefinite changes to past indefinite ("liked").

Question 49 of 100

We should rely ___ our own efforts.

A. at B. on C. with D. by

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The verb "rely" is always followed by the preposition "on".

Question 50 of 100

What is the plural of "Mouse"?

A. Mouses B. Mice C. Mices D. Mouse

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The plural form of "mouse" is an irregular plural, which is "mice".

Question 51 of 100

The synonym of "Prohibit" is:

A. Allow B. Permit C. Forbid D. Accept

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Prohibit" means to formally forbid something by law, rule, or other authority.

Question 52 of 100

A disease that spreads over a large area or the whole world is called a:

A. Epidemic B. Endemic C. Pandemic D. Contagious

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: A "pandemic" is an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population.

Question 53 of 100

The idiom "To add fuel to the fire" means:

A. To make a situation better B. To make a bad situation worse C. To put out a fire D. To start a fire

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "To add fuel to the fire" means to do or say something that worsens an already bad situation or argument.

Question 54 of 100

My friend is suffering ___ fever.

A. from B. with C. by D. of

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The verb "suffer" is followed by the preposition "from" when indicating an illness or ailment.

Question 55 of 100

The antonym of "Construct" is:

A. Build B. Destroy C. Create D. Form

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Construct" means to build or erect something. Its opposite is "Destroy".

Question 56 of 100

"Black sheep" means:

A. A useful person B. A bad character in a group C. A dark colored animal D. A good leader

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: A "black sheep" is a member of a family or group who is regarded as a disgrace to them.

Question 57 of 100

Choose the correct sentence:

A. I, you and he are friends. B. He, you and I are friends. C. You, he and I are friends. D. I, he and you are friends.

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The correct pronoun order for positive sentences is Second Person (You), Third Person (He/She), and then First Person (I). Rule 231.

Question 58 of 100

She has been absent ___ Monday.

A. from B. for C. since D. until

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Since" is used for a specific starting point in time (like Monday).

Question 59 of 100

A person who loves his country is a:

A. Traitor B. Patriot C. Rebel D. Critic

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: A "patriot" is a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.

Question 60 of 100

The synonym of "Conceal" is:

A. Reveal B. Hide C. Show D. Open

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Conceal" means to keep from sight; to hide.

Question 61 of 100

He deals ___ imported clothes.

A. with B. in C. at D. about

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Deal in" means to buy and sell something as a business (trade). "Deal with" means to handle or manage a person or situation.

Question 62 of 100

The manager deals ___ the customers politely.

A. with B. in C. at D. about

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: "Deal with" means to handle, manage, or interact with someone or something.

Question 63 of 100

The antonym of "Flexible" is:

A. Pliable B. Rigid C. Soft D. Elastic

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Flexible" means capable of bending easily without breaking. "Rigid" means unable to bend or be forced out of shape; not flexible.

Question 64 of 100

He died ___ cholera.

A. of B. from C. with D. by

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The correct preposition to use when someone dies of an illness/disease is "of" (died of cholera/cancer).

Question 65 of 100

"To beat about the bush" means:

A. To talk to the point B. To avoid the main topic C. To beat someone D. To cut bushes

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "To beat about the bush" is an idiom meaning to discuss a matter without coming to the point; being evasive.

Question 66 of 100

The comparative degree of "Good" is:

A. Gooder B. Best C. Better D. More good

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The degrees of the irregular adjective "good" are: positive (good), comparative (better), and superlative (best).

Question 67 of 100

Please look ___ the matter.

A. in B. into C. for D. after

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The phrasal verb "look into" means to investigate or examine a matter.

Question 68 of 100

The synonym of "Hazardous" is:

A. Safe B. Dangerous C. Secure D. Pleasant

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Hazardous" means risky or dangerous.

Question 69 of 100

The plural of "Tooth" is:

A. Tooths B. Teeth C. Teethes D. Tooth

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The plural of "tooth" is an irregular form, "teeth".

Question 70 of 100

She is angry ___ me.

A. at B. with C. on D. from

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: You are "angry with" a person, but "angry at" a thing or situation.

Question 71 of 100

The antonym of "Poverty" is:

A. Wealth B. Poor C. Need D. Beggary

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: "Poverty" is the state of being extremely poor. Its opposite is "Wealth" or "Affluence".

Question 72 of 100

"A bed of roses" means:

A. A difficult situation B. A comfortable and easy situation C. A garden of flowers D. A painful journey

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The idiom "A bed of roses" refers to a situation or activity that is comfortable, easy, or completely positive.

Question 73 of 100

I am writing a letter ___ a pen.

A. by B. from C. with D. in

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: We use "with" for instruments or tools used to perform an action (with a pen, with a knife).

Question 74 of 100

The synonym of "Astonish" is:

A. Predict B. Surprise C. Ignore D. Forget

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Astonish" means to surprise or impress someone greatly.

Question 75 of 100

He is blind ___ one eye.

A. of B. in C. with D. by

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The correct preposition phrase is "blind in one eye". (Note: "blind to" means ignoring something, like "blind to his faults").

Question 76 of 100

Choose the correct sentence:

A. I have visited Lahore last week. B. I visited Lahore last week. C. I had visited Lahore last week. D. I visit Lahore last week.

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: When a specific past time is mentioned ("last week"), we must use the Past Indefinite (Simple Past) tense, not Present Perfect.

Question 77 of 100

The antonym of "Courage" is:

A. Bravery B. Cowardice C. Fearless D. Boldness

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Courage" is the ability to do something that frightens one. "Cowardice" is lack of bravery.

Question 78 of 100

"To bury the hatchet" means:

A. To plant a tree B. To make peace C. To start a war D. To dig a hole

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "To bury the hatchet" means to end a quarrel or conflict and become friendly.

Question 79 of 100

She smiled ___ my mistakes.

A. on B. at C. over D. upon

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The verb "smile" takes the preposition "at" when referring to what someone is smiling about (smile at a joke, smile at a mistake).

Question 80 of 100

The synonym of "Obstinate" is:

A. Flexible B. Stubborn C. Agreeable D. Obedient

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Obstinate" means stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so.

Question 81 of 100

He was accused ___ murder.

A. of B. for C. with D. in

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The verb "accused" is followed by the preposition "of".

Question 82 of 100

What is the feminine of "Horse"?

A. Mare B. Vixen C. Cow D. Ewe

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The male is called a stallion or horse, and the female is called a mare.

Question 83 of 100

The antonym of "Knowledge" is:

A. Information B. Ignorance C. Wisdom D. Learning

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Ignorance" is the lack of knowledge or information.

Question 84 of 100

Change into Passive Voice: "Who wrote this letter?"

A. By whom was this letter written? B. By whom is this letter written? C. By whom this letter was written? D. Who was written this letter?

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: Questions starting with "Who" change to "By whom" in passive voice. Past Indefinite changes to "was/were + 3rd form". The auxiliary verb comes before the subject in a question.

Question 85 of 100

He prefers walking ___ cycling.

A. than B. over C. to D. against

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The verb "prefer" takes the preposition "to".

Question 86 of 100

The synonym of "Mitigate" is:

A. Increase B. Worsen C. Reduce D. Extend

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Mitigate" means to make something bad less severe, serious, or painful; to reduce.

Question 87 of 100

"To shed crocodile tears" means:

A. To cry genuinely B. To pretend to be sad C. To cry loudly D. To catch a crocodile

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Crocodile tears" are tears or expressions of sorrow that are insincere and fake.

Question 88 of 100

The jury was divided ___ their opinion.

A. in B. at C. on D. to

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: When a collective noun (like jury) is divided in its action, it takes a plural verb and plural pronoun ("their"). The preposition here is "in their opinion".

Question 89 of 100

The antonym of "Barbaric" is:

A. Cruel B. Savage C. Civilized D. Wild

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Barbaric" means savagely cruel or exceedingly brutal. "Civilized" is its opposite, meaning polite and well-mannered.

Question 90 of 100

A book written by an unknown author is called:

A. Anonymous B. Famous C. Popular D. Classic

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: "Anonymous" refers to a person not identified by name, or a work of unknown authorship.

Question 91 of 100

He takes ___ his father.

A. after B. over C. to D. down

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The phrasal verb "take after" means to resemble a parent or ancestor in appearance or character.

Question 92 of 100

The synonym of "Fragile" is:

A. Strong B. Delicate C. Tough D. Heavy

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Fragile" means easily broken or damaged; delicate.

Question 93 of 100

The plural of "Oasis" is:

A. Oasises B. Oases C. Oasis D. Oasees

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Words of Greek/Latin origin ending in "-is" change to "-es" in the plural form (e.g., basis -> bases, crisis -> crises).

Question 94 of 100

He is entirely engrossed ___ his work.

A. with B. in C. by D. at

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The adjective "engrossed" takes the preposition "in".

Question 95 of 100

The antonym of "Victory" is:

A. Success B. Defeat C. Triumph D. Win

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: "Victory" is an act of defeating an enemy or opponent in a battle or competition. Its opposite is "Defeat".

Question 96 of 100

"Apple of one's eye" means:

A. A favorite or beloved person B. An enemy C. A healthy fruit D. An unpleasant thing

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: "Apple of one's eye" is an idiom used to refer to someone whom you cherish above all others.

Question 97 of 100

The correct comparative form of "Far" (distance) is:

A. Farrer B. Further C. Farther D. More far

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: For physical distance, the comparative form is "Farther". "Further" is used for metaphorical or figurative distance (e.g., further discussion).

Question 98 of 100

He was deprived ___ his rights.

A. from B. with C. of D. by

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The verb "deprive" is followed by the preposition "of".

Question 99 of 100

The synonym of "Luminous" is:

A. Dark B. Dull C. Bright D. Dim

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: "Luminous" means full of or shedding light; bright or shining.

Question 100 of 100

Change into Indirect Speech: He said, "The Earth is round."

A. He said that the Earth was round. B. He said that the Earth had been round. C. He said that the Earth is round. D. He says that the Earth was round.

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Even though the reporting verb ("said") is in the past tense, universal truths or scientific facts in the reported speech do not change their tense.

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