ECAT Math & Physics MCQs 2026 | NUST NET & UET Practice Test

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Securing admission to top engineering universities in Pakistan, such as UET, NUST, PIEAS, FAST, and GIKI, requires clearing highly competitive entrance exams like the ECAT (Engineering College Admission Test) and NET (NUST Entry Test). These tests evaluate a student's analytical skills, time management, and conceptual grip on FSc pre-engineering subjects.

In almost all engineering entry tests, Mathematics and Physics carry the absolute highest weightage. To secure a high aggregate, you must master quick formula application, calculus, trigonometry, and physics numericals. To help you prepare effectively, we have compiled a master list of 100 highly repeated FSc-level Math and Physics MCQs from recent past papers.

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ECAT Syllabus Focus Areas

Mathematics (Calculus & Algebra): Limits, Derivatives, Integration, Conic Sections, Matrices & Determinants, and Vectors.
Physics (Mechanics & Electromagnetism): Work & Energy, Circular Motion, Thermodynamics, Electrostatics, and Modern Physics.

Interactive ECAT Math & Physics Mock Test

Test your conceptual grip by attempting the 100 MCQs below. Keep a rough paper and pen handy for the mathematical and physics numericals. Click "Show My Result" at the end of the test to view your scorecard and detailed explanations.

📝 Interactive Practice Test (100 MCQs)

0 / 100 answered

Question 1 of 100

The derivative of sin(x) with respect to x is:

A. -cos(x) B. cos(x) C. -sin(x) D. sec(x)

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: By standard differentiation rules, d/dx (sin x) = cos x.

Question 2 of 100

What is the integral of e^x with respect to x?

A. xe^x + C B. e^x + C C. e^(x+1) / (x+1) + C D. ln(x) + C

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The exponential function e^x is unique because its derivative and integral are both e^x (plus constant C for integration).

Question 3 of 100

The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called:

A. Event B. Sample space C. Probability D. Union

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: In probability theory, the sample space of an experiment is the set of all possible outcomes.

Question 4 of 100

If a matrix A has an inverse, then its determinant |A| must be:

A. Equal to 1 B. Equal to 0 C. Non-zero D. Negative

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: A square matrix is invertible (non-singular) if and only if its determinant is not equal to zero.

Question 5 of 100

The geometric shape of the equation x^2 + y^2 = r^2 represents a:

A. Parabola B. Ellipse C. Hyperbola D. Circle

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: The equation x^2 + y^2 = r^2 represents a circle centered at the origin (0,0) with radius r.

Question 6 of 100

The value of limit as x approaches 0 for (sin x) / x is:

B. 1 C. Infinity D. Undefined

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: This is a fundamental trigonometric limit: lim (x->0) (sin x / x) = 1.

Question 7 of 100

Which of the following is a scalar quantity?

A. Velocity B. Force C. Work D. Acceleration

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Work is the dot product of two vectors (Force and Displacement), making it a scalar quantity.

Question 8 of 100

The dot product of two mutually perpendicular vectors is always:

A. 1 C. -1 D. Infinity

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The dot product is |A||B|cos(θ). For perpendicular vectors, θ = 90°, and cos(90°) = 0, so the dot product is 0.

Question 9 of 100

The roots of the quadratic equation ax^2 + bx + c = 0 are real and equal if the discriminant (b^2 - 4ac) is:

A. Greater than 0 B. Less than 0 C. Equal to 0 D. Not a perfect square

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: If the discriminant (b^2 - 4ac) is exactly zero, the roots of the quadratic equation are real and identical.

Question 10 of 100

In a right-angled triangle, the sine of an angle is defined as the ratio of:

A. Adjacent to Hypotenuse B. Opposite to Adjacent C. Opposite to Hypotenuse D. Hypotenuse to Opposite

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: By trigonometric definition (SOH CAH TOA), Sine = Opposite / Hypotenuse.

Question 11 of 100

The value of integration of (1/x) dx is:

A. x^2 / 2 + C B. ln |x| + C C. e^x + C D. -1/x^2 + C

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The standard integral of 1/x is the natural logarithm of the absolute value of x, ln|x| + C.

Question 12 of 100

If two lines are parallel, their slopes (m1 and m2) must be:

A. m1 = -m2 B. m1 = 1/m2 C. m1 = m2 D. m1 * m2 = -1

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Parallel lines have the exact same gradient, therefore m1 = m2. (If perpendicular, m1 * m2 = -1).

Question 13 of 100

A sequence in which the difference between consecutive terms is constant is called:

A. Geometric Progression B. Harmonic Progression C. Arithmetic Progression D. Fibonacci Sequence

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: In an Arithmetic Progression (A.P), the common difference (d) between consecutive terms remains constant.

Question 14 of 100

The sum of the angles in a planar triangle is always:

A. 90 degrees B. 180 degrees C. 270 degrees D. 360 degrees

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The interior angles of a standard Euclidean (planar) triangle always add up to exactly 180 degrees.

Question 15 of 100

The derivative of a constant value (e.g., d/dx [5]) is:

A. 1 B. The constant itself D. x

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The rate of change of a constant value is zero.

Question 16 of 100

Which of the following conic sections has an eccentricity (e) equal to 1?

A. Circle B. Ellipse C. Parabola D. Hyperbola

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The eccentricity of a parabola is exactly 1. For a circle e=0, ellipse 0<e<1, and hyperbola e>1.

Question 17 of 100

The formula to find the sum of infinite terms of a convergent geometric series is:

A. S = a / (1 - r) B. S = n/2 (2a + (n-1)d) C. S = a * r^n D. S = a / (r - 1)

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: For an infinite geometric series to converge, |r| < 1. The sum is S = a / (1 - r), where 'a' is the first term.

Question 18 of 100

What is the period of the function f(x) = sin(x)?

A. pi B. 2 * pi C. pi / 2 D. 4 * pi

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The sine function repeats its values in regular intervals of 2π radians (360 degrees).

Question 19 of 100

If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then P(A ∩ B) is:

A. P(A) * P(B) B. P(A) + P(B) C. 1

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: Mutually exclusive events cannot occur at the same time, so the probability of their intersection is zero.

Question 20 of 100

The midpoint of a line segment joining points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by:

A. ((x1-x2)/2 , (y1-y2)/2) B. ((x1+x2)/2 , (y1+y2)/2) C. (x2-x1 , y2-y1) D. (x1*x2 , y1*y2)

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The midpoint formula calculates the average of the x-coordinates and the y-coordinates.

Question 21 of 100

How many permutations can be formed from the letters of the word 'MATH'?

A. 12 B. 24 C. 4 D. 16

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The word MATH has 4 distinct letters. The number of permutations is 4! (4 factorial) = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24.

Question 22 of 100

If nCr = nPr, what must be the value of r?

A. n B. 1 C. 0 or 1 D. n-1

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: nCr = nPr / r!. For them to be equal, r! must be 1. The factorial of 0 and 1 is 1, so r can be 0 or 1.

Question 23 of 100

The unit vector in the direction of vector A is defined as:

A. Vector A / |A| B. Vector A * |A| C. |A| / Vector A D. |A| * 2

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: A unit vector has a magnitude of 1 and points in the same direction as the original vector. It is found by dividing the vector by its magnitude.

Question 24 of 100

What is the value of i^2 (where i is the imaginary unit)?

A. 1 C. -1 D. -i

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The imaginary unit 'i' is defined as the square root of -1. Therefore, i^2 = -1.

Question 25 of 100

The derivative of ln(x) with respect to x is:

A. e^x B. 1/x C. x D. 1/x^2

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: A fundamental rule of calculus is that d/dx (ln x) = 1/x.

Question 26 of 100

Which property of matrices states that A + B = B + A?

A. Associative property B. Commutative property of addition C. Distributive property D. Transitive property

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Matrix addition is commutative, meaning the order in which you add them does not change the result.

Question 27 of 100

A square matrix is called a symmetric matrix if:

A. A = -A B. A = A^T (A transpose) C. A = A^-1 D. |A| = 0

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: A symmetric matrix is equal to its transpose, meaning it looks identical across its main diagonal.

Question 28 of 100

The distance from the point (x1, y1) to the origin (0,0) is given by:

A. x1 + y1 B. √(x1^2 + y1^2) C. x1^2 + y1^2 D. √(x1 + y1)

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: This is a direct application of the distance formula (derived from Pythagorean theorem) with one point being (0,0).

Question 29 of 100

The value of sec^2(x) - tan^2(x) is:

B. -1 C. 1 D. 2

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: This is one of the fundamental Pythagorean trigonometric identities.

Question 30 of 100

The integral of a velocity-time function yields:

A. Acceleration B. Force C. Displacement D. Momentum

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Geometrically, the area under the velocity-time graph (its integral) gives the total displacement.

Question 31 of 100

The derivative of position with respect to time gives:

A. Acceleration B. Velocity C. Jerk D. Distance

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The rate of change of position over time is defined as velocity (dx/dt = v).

Question 32 of 100

In integration by parts, the formula is ∫u dv = ?

A. uv - ∫v du B. uv + ∫v du C. udv - ∫u dv D. u/v - ∫du

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: The integration by parts formula is derived from the product rule of differentiation: ∫u dv = uv - ∫v du.

Question 33 of 100

Which of the following functions is an even function?

A. f(x) = sin(x) B. f(x) = x^3 C. f(x) = cos(x) D. f(x) = tan(x)

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: An even function satisfies f(-x) = f(x). For cosine, cos(-x) = cos(x). Sine and tangent are odd functions.

Question 34 of 100

The focus of the parabola y^2 = 4ax is:

A. (0, a) B. (a, 0) C. (-a, 0) D. (0, -a)

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: For a right-opening parabola y^2 = 4ax, the vertex is at (0,0) and the focus is at (a, 0).

Question 35 of 100

The domain of the function f(x) = 1/x is:

A. All real numbers B. All positive real numbers C. All real numbers except zero D. All integers

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Division by zero is undefined, so x cannot be 0. The domain is R - {0}.

Question 36 of 100

The sum of the roots of the equation ax^2 + bx + c = 0 is:

A. c/a B. -b/a C. b/a D. -c/a

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: According to Vieta's formulas, the sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is -b/a, and the product is c/a.

Question 37 of 100

Two events A and B are independent if P(A ∩ B) = ?

A. P(A) + P(B) B. P(A) * P(B) C. P(A) / P(B)

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: For independent events, the probability of both occurring is the product of their individual probabilities.

Question 38 of 100

The value of 0! (zero factorial) is:

B. Infinity C. Undefined D. 1

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: By mathematical definition and convention, 0! is exactly equal to 1.

Question 39 of 100

What is the cross product (A × B) of two parallel vectors?

A. 1 B. A vector of magnitude |A||B| C. A null vector (0) D. Infinity

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The cross product depends on the sine of the angle between vectors. For parallel vectors, θ=0° or 180°, and sin(0) = 0.

Question 40 of 100

The Cartesian coordinates (r*cos θ, r*sin θ) represent a conversion from:

A. Polar to Cartesian coordinates B. Cartesian to Polar coordinates C. Cylindrical to Spherical coordinates D. Vectors to Scalars

✅ Correct Answer: A
Exp: To convert from polar coordinates (r, θ) to Cartesian (x, y), we use x = r cos(θ) and y = r sin(θ).

Question 41 of 100

The equation of a straight line with slope 'm' and y-intercept 'c' is:

A. y - y1 = m(x - x1) B. y = mx + c C. x/a + y/b = 1 D. y = cx + m

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: This is the standard slope-intercept form of a linear equation.

Question 42 of 100

If f(x) = x^n, then the power rule states that f'(x) = ?

A. n * x^(n+1) B. x^(n-1) / n C. n * x^(n-1) D. n^x

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The fundamental power rule for differentiation: bring down the exponent and reduce the power by 1.

Question 43 of 100

The maximum value of sin(x) is:

B. Infinity C. pi D. 1

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: The range of the sine function is [-1, 1], meaning its maximum value is exactly 1.

Question 44 of 100

A matrix with an equal number of rows and columns is called a:

A. Row matrix B. Column matrix C. Diagonal matrix D. Square matrix

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: If the number of rows (m) equals the number of columns (n), the matrix is a square matrix (m × m).

Question 45 of 100

The area of a circle with radius 'r' is:

A. 2 * pi * r B. pi * r^2 C. 4/3 * pi * r^3 D. 4 * pi * r^2

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The formula for the area of a circle is A = πr². (2πr is the circumference).

Question 46 of 100

An angle greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees is called:

A. Acute angle B. Right angle C. Obtuse angle D. Reflex angle

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Angles between 90° and 180° are obtuse. Angles < 90° are acute.

Question 47 of 100

If the determinant of a matrix is zero, the matrix is called:

A. Identity matrix B. Invertible matrix C. Singular matrix D. Orthogonal matrix

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: A singular matrix has a determinant of zero and therefore cannot be inverted.

Question 48 of 100

The integral of a function f(x) over an interval [a,b] gives the:

A. Slope of the tangent B. Area under the curve C. Maximum value of the function D. Average rate of change

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Definite integration evaluates the net area under the curve of f(x) between x=a and x=b.

Question 49 of 100

The magnitude of the unit vector i (x-axis direction) is:

B. x C. 1 D. -1

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: By definition, all standard unit vectors (i, j, k) have a magnitude of exactly 1.

Question 50 of 100

The formula for the combinations of n items taken r at a time (nCr) is:

A. n! / (n-r)! B. n! / (r! * (n-r)!) C. n! / r! D. (n-r)! / n!

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The combinations formula divides the permutations (nPr) by r! to remove duplicate orderings.

Question 51 of 100

[PHYSICS] The SI unit of Work and Energy is:

A. Newton B. Pascal C. Watt D. Joule

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: Work and Energy are both measured in Joules (J) in the International System of Units (SI).

Question 52 of 100

[PHYSICS] Light year is a unit of:

A. Time B. Distance C. Speed D. Intensity

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: A light-year is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year (approx. 9.46 trillion km).

Question 53 of 100

[PHYSICS] Newton's first law of motion is also known as the Law of:

A. Momentum B. Force C. Inertia D. Acceleration

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The Law of Inertia states an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Question 54 of 100

[PHYSICS] The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied:

A. Velocity B. Force C. Impulse D. Kinetic Energy

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: This is the statement of Newton's Second Law of Motion (F = dp/dt).

Question 55 of 100

[PHYSICS] The centripetal force required to keep a body of mass 'm' moving in a circle of radius 'r' with velocity 'v' is:

A. m v r B. m v^2 / r C. m r / v^2 D. 1/2 m v^2

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The formula for centripetal force is Fc = mv²/r, directed towards the center of the circular path.

Question 56 of 100

[PHYSICS] The work done by a conservative force over a closed path is:

A. Positive B. Negative C. Zero D. Maximum

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: For conservative forces (like gravity or electrostatic force), the total work done moving a particle in a closed loop is exactly zero.

Question 57 of 100

[PHYSICS] Escape velocity from the surface of the Earth is approximately:

A. 7.9 km/s B. 9.8 m/s C. 11.2 km/s D. 3.0 x 10^8 m/s

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape Earth's gravitational pull (approx 11.2 km/s).

Question 58 of 100

[PHYSICS] Sound waves in a gaseous medium (like air) are purely:

A. Transverse waves B. Electromagnetic waves C. Longitudinal waves D. Matter waves

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Sound travels in air as longitudinal waves, where particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Question 59 of 100

[PHYSICS] The apparent change in frequency of sound due to relative motion between the source and the observer is known as:

A. Interference B. Doppler Effect C. Diffraction D. Resonance

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The Doppler effect explains why a siren sounds higher pitched as it approaches you and lower pitched as it moves away.

Question 60 of 100

[PHYSICS] In the famous equation E = mc^2, 'c' stands for:

A. Charge B. Speed of sound C. Specific heat capacity D. Speed of light in vacuum

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula uses 'c' for the speed of light in vacuum (approx 3 x 10^8 m/s).

Question 61 of 100

[PHYSICS] The transfer of heat by the actual physical movement of molecules of the medium is called:

A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Insulation

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Convection is heat transfer by the macroscopic movement of a fluid (liquid or gas).

Question 62 of 100

[PHYSICS] Which law states that the total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to the net charge enclosed divided by the permittivity of free space?

A. Coulomb's Law B. Faraday's Law C. Ampere's Law D. Gauss's Law

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: Gauss's Law is a fundamental relation in electromagnetism linking electric flux to enclosed charge.

Question 63 of 100

[PHYSICS] The SI unit of Capacitance is:

A. Coulomb B. Volt C. Farad D. Henry

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The Farad (F) is the standard SI unit of electrical capacitance.

Question 64 of 100

[PHYSICS] According to Ohm's Law, the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the:

A. Resistance B. Temperature C. Voltage across the two points D. Length of the conductor

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Ohm's Law states I = V/R. Current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.

Question 65 of 100

[PHYSICS] A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a:

A. Transformer B. Motor C. Battery D. Generator

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: An electric generator uses electromagnetic induction to convert kinetic (mechanical) energy into electricity.

Question 66 of 100

[PHYSICS] The magnetic field lines inside a long, current-carrying solenoid are:

A. Circular B. Radial C. Uniform and parallel D. Zero

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Inside an ideal, long solenoid, the magnetic field is strong, uniform, and parallel to the axis of the solenoid.

Question 67 of 100

[PHYSICS] Which phenomenon demonstrates the particle nature of light?

A. Interference B. Diffraction C. Photoelectric Effect D. Polarization

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The photoelectric effect, explained by Einstein, shows that light consists of discrete energy packets (photons), proving its particle nature.

Question 68 of 100

[PHYSICS] The minimum energy required to completely remove an electron from a metal surface is called the:

A. Ionization energy B. Work function C. Threshold frequency D. Kinetic energy

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The work function is the specific minimum energy required to eject an electron in the photoelectric effect.

Question 69 of 100

[PHYSICS] X-rays are electromagnetic waves of:

A. Low frequency and long wavelength B. High frequency and short wavelength C. Same frequency as visible light D. Sound waves

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: X-rays possess high energy, high frequency, and very short wavelengths, allowing them to penetrate matter.

Question 70 of 100

[PHYSICS] The half-life of a radioactive substance depends on:

A. Temperature B. Pressure C. Amount of substance D. The nature of the substance

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: Half-life is an intrinsic property of a radioactive isotope and is unaffected by external physical conditions like temperature or pressure.

Question 71 of 100

[PHYSICS] In a p-type semiconductor, the majority charge carriers are:

A. Electrons B. Neutrons C. Protons D. Holes

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: A p-type (positive-type) semiconductor has an excess of "holes" (absences of electrons) which act as the majority charge carriers.

Question 72 of 100

[PHYSICS] A diode is primarily used as a:

A. Amplifier B. Rectifier C. Resistor D. Oscillator

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: A diode allows current to flow easily in only one direction, making it highly effective for converting AC to DC (rectification).

Question 73 of 100

[PHYSICS] The process of combining a low-frequency audio signal with a high-frequency carrier wave for transmission is called:

A. Rectification B. Amplification C. Modulation D. Attenuation

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Modulation modifies a carrier wave to encode information (like radio AM/FM signals) for long-distance transmission.

Question 74 of 100

[PHYSICS] Absolute zero is the temperature at which:

A. Water freezes B. Water boils C. Molecular motion theoretically ceases D. All gases become liquid

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15°C) is the theoretical lowest temperature where atomic and molecular kinetic energy is zero.

Question 75 of 100

[PHYSICS] The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a restatement of the law of:

A. Conservation of momentum B. Conservation of mass C. Conservation of energy D. Conservation of charge

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed (ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW).

Question 76 of 100

[PHYSICS] Which type of mirror is used in car headlights to produce a parallel beam of light?

A. Convex mirror B. Concave mirror C. Plane mirror D. Cylindrical mirror

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: A concave mirror, with the bulb placed at its focal point, reflects the light rays into a strong, parallel beam.

Question 77 of 100

[PHYSICS] The bending of light around the sharp edges of an obstacle is called:

A. Refraction B. Reflection C. Polarization D. Diffraction

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: Diffraction occurs when waves encounter an obstacle or slit and bend around its edges.

Question 78 of 100

[PHYSICS] A material that loses all electrical resistance at very low temperatures is called a:

A. Semiconductor B. Insulator C. Superconductor D. Dielectric

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Superconductors exhibit zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields when cooled below their critical temperature.

Question 79 of 100

[PHYSICS] The SI unit of magnetic flux is the:

A. Tesla B. Weber C. Gauss D. Henry

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: The Weber (Wb) is the SI unit of magnetic flux. Tesla is the unit for magnetic field strength (flux density).

Question 80 of 100

[PHYSICS] When ice melts into liquid water, its volume:

A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains the same D. Becomes zero

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Water is unique; it expands upon freezing. Therefore, when solid ice melts into liquid water, its volume decreases and density increases.

Question 81 of 100

[PHYSICS] Alpha particles consist of:

A. High speed electrons B. High energy photons C. Two protons and two neutrons D. Single protons

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: An alpha particle is identical to a Helium-4 nucleus, carrying a +2 charge.

Question 82 of 100

[PHYSICS] Which fundamental force is the weakest?

A. Strong nuclear force B. Electromagnetic force C. Weak nuclear force D. Gravitational force

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: Gravity is by far the weakest of the four fundamental forces of nature, though it acts over infinite distances.

Question 83 of 100

[PHYSICS] The physical quantity conserved in all types of collisions (elastic and inelastic) is:

A. Kinetic Energy B. Momentum C. Velocity D. Potential Energy

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: In any closed system collision, total momentum is always conserved. Kinetic energy is only conserved in perfectly elastic collisions.

Question 84 of 100

[PHYSICS] Optical fibers transmit light signals over long distances based on the principle of:

A. Dispersion B. Total internal reflection C. Interference D. Diffraction

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Light bouncing down the core of an optical fiber without leaking out is due to total internal reflection.

Question 85 of 100

[PHYSICS] What is the equivalent resistance of two 10-ohm resistors connected in parallel?

A. 20 ohms B. 10 ohms C. 5 ohms D. 0 ohms

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: For parallel resistors: 1/R_eq = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/10 + 1/10 = 2/10. Therefore, R_eq = 10/2 = 5 ohms.

Question 86 of 100

[PHYSICS] The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its:

A. Wavelength B. Frequency C. Amplitude D. Speed

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: According to Planck's equation (E = hf), the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency.

Question 87 of 100

[PHYSICS] A step-up transformer increases the:

A. Power B. Current C. Voltage D. Frequency

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: A step-up transformer increases the alternating current (AC) voltage while simultaneously decreasing the current, keeping power (mostly) constant.

Question 88 of 100

[PHYSICS] Myopia (short-sightedness) is corrected by using a:

A. Convex lens B. Concave lens C. Cylindrical lens D. Bifocal lens

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: A concave (diverging) lens spreads out incoming light rays so that the image focuses properly on the retina rather than in front of it.

Question 89 of 100

[PHYSICS] The device used to store electrical charge is a:

A. Resistor B. Inductor C. Capacitor D. Transformer

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: A capacitor stores electrical energy in an electric field created between two conductive plates.

Question 90 of 100

[PHYSICS] Lenz's law is a consequence of the law of conservation of:

A. Charge B. Mass C. Energy D. Momentum

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Lenz's Law (the induced current opposes the change that caused it) is directly based on the conservation of energy.

Question 91 of 100

[PHYSICS] Which isotope of carbon is used for radioactive carbon dating?

A. Carbon-12 B. Carbon-13 C. Carbon-14 D. Carbon-15

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of about 5,730 years, used to date organic artifacts.

Question 92 of 100

[PHYSICS] The splitting of white light into its component colors (spectrum) by a prism is called:

A. Refraction B. Reflection C. Dispersion D. Scattering

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Dispersion occurs because different colors (wavelengths) of light bend by different amounts when passing through the prism.

Question 93 of 100

[PHYSICS] The resistance of a wire is inversely proportional to its:

A. Length B. Temperature C. Area of cross-section D. Resistivity

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: Formula: R = ρ(L/A). Resistance increases with length but decreases as the cross-sectional area (thickness) increases.

Question 94 of 100

[PHYSICS] An ideal voltmeter has an internal resistance of:

A. Zero B. Infinity C. 1 Ohm D. 100 Ohms

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: An ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance so it draws absolutely no current from the circuit it is measuring.

Question 95 of 100

[PHYSICS] In the equation V = f * lambda, lambda (λ) represents:

A. Frequency B. Velocity C. Wavelength D. Time period

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: In wave mechanics, lambda (λ) is the standard symbol for wavelength.

Question 96 of 100

[PHYSICS] What type of wave is light?

A. Longitudinal mechanical wave B. Transverse electromagnetic wave C. Longitudinal electromagnetic wave D. Matter wave

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Light consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the direction of travel, making it a transverse electromagnetic wave.

Question 97 of 100

[PHYSICS] The force of attraction between two point masses is governed by:

A. Kepler's Law B. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation C. Coulomb's Law D. Hooke's Law

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that the force is proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Question 98 of 100

[PHYSICS] Beta particles are basically fast-moving:

A. Protons B. Neutrons C. Photons D. Electrons

✅ Correct Answer: D
Exp: Beta decay involves the emission of a high-energy, high-speed electron (or positron) from the atomic nucleus.

Question 99 of 100

[PHYSICS] The phenomenon of superconductivity is characterized by:

A. Infinite resistance B. Zero electrical resistance C. High temperatures D. Strong magnetic attraction

✅ Correct Answer: B
Exp: Superconductors, when cooled below a critical temperature, conduct electricity with absolutely zero resistance.

Question 100 of 100

[PHYSICS] Which gate is known as the "Universal Gate" in digital electronics?

A. AND gate B. OR gate C. NAND gate D. NOT gate

✅ Correct Answer: C
Exp: NAND (and NOR) gates are called universal gates because any other basic logic gate can be constructed using only these gates.

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